1. Correct operation method
Control walking speed and mode
Excavators should avoid high-speed driving when walking. High speed walking will cause severe friction between the track and the ground, and also increase the impact force of the internal parts of the track. For example, on flat roads, it is advisable to walk steadily at medium to low speeds as much as possible. When turning, special attention should be paid to reducing the turning angle and speed, as sharp turns can cause excessive tension on one side of the track, which can easily lead to track derailment or severe local wear.
Try to minimize frequent forward and backward movements. Frequent switching of walking direction will subject the chain links and pins of the track to alternating stress, accelerating their wear. During the homework process, plan the walking route reasonably and reduce unnecessary directional changes.
Reasonably control the excavation operation actions
During excavation, it is important to ensure the stability of the excavator's position. Avoid shaking or imbalance of the excavator during excavation, as this can cause uneven load on the tracks. For example, when excavating deep or heavy objects, the excavator's tracks should be adjusted parallel to the excavation direction, and the movement speed and force of the boom and arm should be reasonably controlled according to the weight and resistance of the excavated object.
Do not leave the track under excessive stress for a long time. For example, during the excavation process, do not excessively extend the excavation arm, which may cause the center of gravity of the excavator to shift excessively, resulting in excessive local pressure on the tracks. At the same time, avoid using tracks as support points for excessive lifting operations to prevent damage to the tracks.
2. Regular inspection and adjustment
Track tightness inspection
Regularly checking the tightness of the tracks is crucial. As mentioned earlier, the normal track sag is generally between 30 and 50 millimeters. The inspection frequency can be determined based on the working intensity of the excavator, and it is generally recommended to inspect at least once a week. If the track is found to be too loose, it should be adjusted in a timely manner. When adjusting, follow the user manual of the excavator and use appropriate tools to tighten the tracks.
Component wear inspection
Regularly check the wear of components such as chain links, pins, bushings, and track shoes of the track. For severely worn components, they should be replaced in a timely manner. For example, the wear of chain links can cause track elongation and pitch changes, affecting the normal operation of the tracks. The degree of wear can be determined by measuring the size of the chain link or observing its surface wear marks. Generally, a detailed inspection of the track components should be conducted every 200 to 300 working hours.
Alignment check
Ensure that the two tracks are in good alignment. If the track deviates, it will cause increased wear on one side of the track. During inspection, the trajectory of the excavator's tracks can be observed while walking in a straight line, or a measuring tool can be used to check whether the distance between the front and rear ends of the two tracks is consistent. If track deviation is found, it is necessary to promptly investigate the cause and make adjustments, which may be due to improper installation of chassis components, inconsistent tightness of tracks, and other reasons.
3. Cleaning and maintenance
Remove debris
After each work is completed, it is necessary to promptly clean the surface of the track of dirt, stones, sand, and other debris. These debris will increase the wear of the track and may also enter between the components inside the track, causing malfunctions. High pressure water guns can be used to rinse the tracks, but care should be taken to avoid water directly entering the bearings and sealing parts of the tracks. For stubborn debris that is difficult to rinse off, tools can be used to remove it first.
Lubrication maintenance
Regularly lubricate the pins and bushings of the tracks. Lubrication can reduce friction between components and decrease wear rate. Choosing the appropriate lubricating grease generally requires good wear resistance and adhesion. Lubricate according to the prescribed working time intervals, such as once every 100 to 200 working hours. When lubricating, ensure that the grease fully enters the gap between the pin and the bushing.
Rust prevention treatment
Pay attention to the rust prevention of the tracks. If the track is exposed to a humid environment or corrosive substances for a long time, it is easy to rust. Regularly apply rust proof oil to the surface of the track, especially on the connection parts of the track and the surfaces of metal parts that are prone to rust. Meanwhile, keep the tracks dry and avoid prolonged soaking in water.
4. Choose a suitable work environment and operating conditions
Ground condition selection
Try to let the excavator work on flat and solid ground. When working on soft ground such as sandy or muddy areas, the tracks are prone to sinking, increasing walking resistance and wear. If it is impossible to avoid working on soft ground, it is possible to consider using shims (such as steel plates) to distribute the pressure on the tracks and reduce the degree of sinking.
Avoid harsh working conditions
Reduce working in areas with sharp objects such as large amounts of broken glass, metal fragments, etc. These sharp objects can easily pierce or scratch the tracks. If it is necessary to work in such an environment, the site can be cleaned in advance or protective devices can be installed for the tracks. At the same time, avoid working for long periods of time in extreme weather conditions such as high temperatures and extreme cold, as temperature changes can affect the performance of track materials and the effectiveness of lubricants.
