The working device components of an excavator include the boom, arm, bucket, cylinder, etc. The following are the maintenance methods for these components:
Boom and stick
Appearance inspection: Regularly inspect the surfaces of the boom and arm for cracks, deformation, wear, or corrosion. Special attention should be paid to inspecting the welds. If any abnormalities are found, damaged parts should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner to prevent the fault from further expanding.
Lubrication and maintenance: Regularly add lubricating grease to various joint parts of the boom and stick, such as shaft pins, bushings, etc., to reduce friction and wear and ensure flexible rotation of the joint parts. It is advisable to add lubricating grease every 50100 hours of work.
Check the connection parts: Check whether the connecting bolts between the boom and boom and the excavator body, as well as between them, are tightened. If there is any looseness, it should be tightened in a timely manner to prevent the danger of parts loosening or even falling off during operation.
Bucket
Maintenance of bucket teeth: The bucket teeth are the most easily worn part of the bucket, and the degree of wear should be checked regularly. When the bucket teeth wear to a certain extent and affect the excavation effect, they should be replaced in a timely manner. At the same time, when installing the bucket teeth, it is necessary to ensure that they are firmly installed to avoid them falling off during excavation.
Bucket body inspection: Check for any deformation, cracking, or other issues with the bucket body, especially the edges and bottom of the bucket. If slight deformation is found, repair and correction can be carried out; If there is severe deformation or cracking, the bucket needs to be replaced to ensure its normal use and the safety of excavation operations.
Cleaning and Maintenance: After each use of the excavator, residual soil, stones, and other debris in the bucket should be promptly cleaned to prevent corrosion and accelerated wear of the bucket caused by these debris.
Oil cylinder
Check the seals: Regularly inspect the seals of the oil cylinder for aging, wear, leaks, and other conditions. If any damaged seals are found, they should be replaced in a timely manner to prevent hydraulic oil leakage, which may affect the normal operation of the oil cylinder and the performance of the excavator. Generally, a comprehensive inspection of the oil cylinder seals should be conducted every 20003000 hours of work.
Keep clean: Keep the surface of the oil cylinder clean to prevent dust, dirt, and other impurities from entering the interior of the oil cylinder, which can affect the normal expansion and sealing performance of the oil cylinder. When cleaning, a clean cloth should be used to wipe and avoid scratching the surface of the oil cylinder with sharp tools.
Check the cylinder piston rod: Observe whether there are scratches, wear, corrosion, and other conditions on the surface of the cylinder piston rod. If any are found, they should be dealt with in a timely manner. Minor scratches can be repaired by polishing, while severe wear or corrosion may require replacement of the piston rod. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the chrome plating layer on the surface of the piston rod is intact to improve its wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Use and replacement of hydraulic oil: Use highquality hydraulic oil that meets regulations, and regularly replace the hydraulic oil and hydraulic oil filter element according to requirements to maintain the cleanliness and performance of the hydraulic oil, and extend the service life of the cylinder and the entire hydraulic system. Generally, the hydraulic oil should be replaced every 20002500 hours of operation, and the hydraulic oil filter element should be replaced every 5001000 hours of operation.
Overall maintenance of working equipment
Correct operation: Operators should strictly follow the operating procedures for excavation operations to avoid excessive impact and load on the working device components due to improper operation, such as avoiding sudden changes in excavation direction during excavation, avoiding using a bucket to violently impact hard objects, etc., in order to extend the service life of the working device components.
Regular Adjustment: Regularly adjust the working device to ensure that the angle and position between the boom, arm, and bucket are correct, so that the working device can be in the best working condition, improving excavation efficiency and work quality.
Storage and maintenance: When the excavator is not used for a long time, the working device should be placed in a flat and dry place, and the boom, arm, and other components should be lowered to the lowest position to allow the hydraulic oil in the cylinder to return to the tank and reduce the burden on the cylinder. At the same time, rust proof oil can be applied to the metal surface of the working device to prevent rusting.
Regular maintenance and upkeep of excavator working device components can ensure their normal operation, improve excavator efficiency and reliability, and reduce equipment failure rates and repair costs.
In addition to the common working device components such as boom, arm, bucket, and oil cylinder mentioned above, excavators also have the following working devices:
Breaking hammer
Working principle: A breaking hammer is an accessory device installed at the front end of an excavator. It is driven by the hydraulic system of the excavator to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, causing the drill rod of the breaking hammer to produce highfrequency impact, thereby breaking hard objects such as rocks and concrete.
Maintenance points: Regularly check the wear of the drill rod of the crushing hammer. When the drill rod is severely worn, it should be replaced in a timely manner to ensure the crushing effect and work efficiency; Check the nitrogen pressure of the breaker. Insufficient nitrogen pressure can cause the breaker to have weak impact. Generally, the nitrogen pressure should be checked and replenished every 810 hours of operation; At the same time, attention should be paid to the lubrication and maintenance of the breaking hammer, and lubricating grease should be regularly added to each lubrication point to prevent excessive wear of the components.
Hydraulic scissors
Working principle: Hydraulic shears use the hydraulic power of excavators to drive the opening and closing movement of scissor blades, and perform cutting operations on metal materials such as scrap cars and steel structures, with the characteristics of high efficiency and laborsaving.
Maintenance points: Check the wear of the blade of the scissors, and repair or replace it in a timely manner after the blade is worn to ensure the cutting effect; Regularly clean the debris and dust inside the hydraulic shear to prevent them from entering the hydraulic system and affecting normal operation; Check if the connection part of the hydraulic shear is loose. If there is any looseness, it should be tightened in a timely manner to ensure that it is installed firmly and reliably.
Grab wooden objects
Working principle: The gripper of wooden objects is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder to open and close the gripper, enabling the grabbing and handling of materials such as wood and waste. It is widely used in forestry, ports, garbage disposal, and other fields.
Maintenance points: When maintaining wooden grippers, special attention should be paid to the wear of the claws. Excessive wear of the claws can affect the gripping force and effectiveness, and they need to be replaced in a timely manner; Check the sealing performance of the hydraulic cylinder to prevent hydraulic oil leakage, which may affect the normal operation of the wooden gripper; Regularly lubricate the joints of the wooden gripper to ensure flexible opening and closing of the claws.
Vibration rammer
Working principle: The vibration compactor is installed on the bucket rod of the excavator, and is driven by a hydraulic motor to produce highfrequency vibration of the eccentric block, thereby compacting the foundation materials such as soil and sand, and improving the compactness and stability of the foundation.
Maintenance points: Regularly check whether the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibrating ram are normal. If any abnormalities are found, they should be adjusted or repaired in a timely manner; Check the working status of the hydraulic motor and connecting components to ensure smooth operation and firm connection; Regularly clean and rust proof the shell and vibrating parts of the vibration compactor to prevent rusting from affecting its performance and service life.
Soil loosening tool
Working principle: The soil loosening device is generally installed on the boom of an excavator. Through the action of a hydraulic cylinder, the loosening teeth are inserted into the soil, and the soil is loosened by the traction force of the excavator for subsequent excavation operations. It is commonly used for excavating hard soil or frozen soil.
Maintenance points: Check the wear of the loosening teeth, replace severely worn loosening teeth in a timely manner to ensure the loosening effect; Pay attention to whether the connection part of the soil loosening device is loose. If there is any looseness, it should be tightened in a timely manner to prevent it from falling off during the operation process; Regularly clean and lubricate the soil loosening device to prevent rusting and increased wear of its components.
Different working devices have different functions and characteristics, and should be operated according to their specific requirements during use and maintenance to fully utilize their performance, extend their service life, and improve the comprehensive operational capability of excavators.
