The hydraulic system of an excavator is a key component that directly affects its performance and efficiency. The following are maintenance methods for various hydraulic system components on excavators:
hydraulic pump
Check the quality of the hydraulic oil: Regularly check the color, odor, and cleanliness of the hydraulic oil. If the color of the hydraulic oil becomes darker, there is an odor, or impurities are found, the hydraulic oil should be replaced in a timely manner to prevent impurities from entering the hydraulic oil pump and affecting its normal operation. Generally, the hydraulic oil needs to be replaced every 2000-2500 hours of operation.
Check the working status of the oil pump: When the excavator is working, pay attention to whether there is any abnormal noise from the hydraulic oil pump. If there is any abnormality, stop the machine immediately for inspection. Meanwhile, observe the pressure indication of the hydraulic system. If the pressure is abnormal, it may be a malfunction of the hydraulic oil pump and further investigation is needed.
Keep the oil pump clean: Regularly clean the dust and oil stains on the surface of the hydraulic oil pump to prevent them from entering the interior of the pump and affecting its heat dissipation and normal operation.
Hydraulic cylinder
Check seals: Regularly inspect the seals of the hydraulic cylinder for aging, wear, leakage, and other conditions. If damaged seals are found, they should be replaced in a timely manner to prevent hydraulic oil leakage, which can affect the normal operation of the cylinder and the performance of the excavator. Generally, a comprehensive inspection of the oil cylinder seals should be conducted every 2000-3000 hours of work.
Check the piston rod: Observe the surface of the oil cylinder piston rod for scratches, wear, corrosion, etc. If any are found, they should be dealt with in a timely manner. Minor scratches can be repaired by polishing, while severe wear or corrosion may require replacement of the piston rod. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the chrome plating layer on the surface of the piston rod is intact to improve its wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Maintain cleanliness: Keep the surface of the oil cylinder clean to prevent dust, dirt, and other impurities from entering the interior of the cylinder, which can affect the normal expansion and sealing performance of the cylinder. When cleaning, a clean cloth should be used to wipe and avoid scratching the surface of the oil cylinder with sharp tools.
Hydraulic oil pipes and fittings
Check the wear and aging of the oil pipe: Regularly inspect the appearance of the hydraulic oil pipe to see if there are signs of wear, breakage, aging, etc., especially the bent parts of the oil pipe and the parts in contact with other components, which are more prone to wear. If oil pipe damage is found, it should be replaced in a timely manner to prevent hydraulic oil leakage.
Check the sealing of the joint: Check whether the hydraulic oil pipe joint is loose, leaking oil, etc. If found, tighten or replace the seal in a timely manner. When installing oil pipe joints, ensure that the joints are firmly installed to avoid loosening due to vibration during operation.
Avoid twisting and stretching of oil pipes: During the operation of excavators, it is important to avoid excessive twisting and stretching of hydraulic oil pipes to prevent damage to them. At the same time, the oil pipes should be arranged reasonably to avoid interference with other components.
Hydraulic oil tank
Check oil level: Regularly check the oil level of the hydraulic oil tank and keep it between the upper and lower markings of the tank. Low oil level can cause the hydraulic oil pump to empty, affecting the normal operation of the hydraulic system; If the oil level is too high, it may cause hydraulic oil to overflow, resulting in waste and environmental pollution.
Cleaning the interior of the oil tank: Every certain time, impurities and sediment inside the hydraulic oil tank should be cleaned. The hydraulic oil in the tank can be completely drained, and then the interior of the tank should be wiped with a clean cloth before adding new hydraulic oil.
Check the sealing of the oil tank: Check whether the sealing cover, oil drain bolt, and other parts of the hydraulic oil tank are well sealed to prevent air from entering the tank, causing oxidation of the hydraulic oil and the generation of bubbles, which will affect the performance of the hydraulic system.
Hydraulic oil filter
Regularly replace the filter element: The filter element of the hydraulic oil filter is a key component for filtering impurities in hydraulic oil. The filter element should be replaced regularly, usually every 500-1000 hours of operation. If the working environment is harsh, such as high dust, the replacement cycle needs to be shortened.
Check the installation of the filter: Ensure that the hydraulic oil filter is securely installed without any leakage. When installing the filter, pay attention to the installation direction of the filter to avoid reverse installation.
Hydraulic control valve
Check the flexibility of the valve core: Regularly check whether the valve core of the hydraulic control valve can move flexibly. If the valve core is found to be stuck, it should be cleaned or replaced in a timely manner to prevent affecting the control accuracy and work efficiency of the hydraulic system.
Check sealing performance: Check if the sealing components of the hydraulic control valve are in good condition to prevent hydraulic oil leakage. If damaged seals are found, they should be replaced promptly.
Maintain cleanliness: Keep the surface of the hydraulic control valve clean to prevent dust, impurities, etc. from entering the interior of the control valve and affecting its normal operation.
By regularly maintaining and servicing the hydraulic system components of excavators, the service life of the hydraulic system can be effectively extended, the performance and reliability of the hydraulic system can be improved, and the normal operation of the excavator can be ensured.
